科技刊物 The Information 本周报道称,一家受中国政府支持的未具名中国公司已开始制造自己的芯片制造设备,导致 ASML (ASML -4.12%) 股价下跌。不过,投资者不必担心,因为这不太可能很快损害 ASML 的命运。

The machines reportedly being made in China are deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography machines. This is an older technology used to manufacture older chips and the less critical components of advanced chips. DUV machines are also used to manufacture ordinary DRAM and flash memory. While ASML is a top supplier of DUV machines by a wide margin, it is not the only company that makes these machines. Japanese companies Nikon and Canon also supply them.
然而,ASML 的与众不同之处在于,它是世界上唯一一家拥有 EUV(极紫外光刻)技术的公司,该技术是制造先进逻辑芯片所需的,也用于制造高带宽存储器 (HBM)。这些都是极其复杂的机器,中国以外的竞争对手基本上已经放弃了复制该技术的尝试。这些也是推动ASML成长的机器。 EUV machines can cost more than $220 million apiece, while DUV machines can cost as little as $5 million, with higher-end advanced immersion DUV machines running closer to $90 million.
虽然 DUV 对中国的销售损失可能会影响 ASML 的收入,但该地区目前在其总收入中所占的份额较小。该公司被限制向中国销售 EUV 和先进的 DUV 机器,并且只允许向中国公司销售较旧技术的系统。因此,上季度只有约 14% 的销售额来自该国。与此同时,国会已经制定了一项法案,禁止 ASML 向预计接收这些国产 DUV 机器的前三家中国公司销售或维修机器,因此无论如何,这一收入都可能被切断。
AI芯片和内存的大受益者
ASML在EUV机台上处于垄断地位,在DUV机台上处于领先地位,在AI芯片和内存方面都处于领先地位。该公司计划在今年和明年将自己的 EUV 产能增加 30%,也可能在 2028 年,为未来几年的强劲增长奠定基础。
It has also developed a next-generation technology, called High NA EUV, that will help advance chip technology even further. While foundries are currently balking at these machines' $400 million price tag, they will eventually be needed, adding another growth driver.
随着人工智能芯片和 HBM 市场的飙升,在这次下跌中买入这支领先的人工智能股票可能是明智之举。